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Definition guide of skin and hair terms. We define skin & hair terms for effective ingredients that get results. Updated regularly.

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C

Ca-Ce  Cf – Cl   Cm-Cz

Chaga

Chaga mushroom is anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. It is a natural adaptogen traditionally used in folk and medicine. It provides environmental and stress-protection to the skin, including oxidative stress. [14] It is packed with dismutase and zinc.  Zinc eases acne and reduces inflammation and irritation. [15]

Chamomilla Recutita

Chamomile

German Chamomile. It is an antioxidant with potent skin-soothing action. ^[16] It contains Terpenoids, bisabolol, and chamazulene.

Chamomile

Chamomile is an antioxidant with potent skin-soothing action. [17] It contains Terpenoids, bisabolol and chamazulene. Chamomile Extract is excellent in a formulation with powerful actives because it contains flavones. These flavones inhibit the production of inflammation, even in deeper skin layers. [18] Meanwhile, The apigenin in Chamomile protects the skin barrier [19]. This gentle and hypoallergenic extract soothes skin, heals burns, and is great for helping skin recover and benefit from chemical peels. Chamomile Extract also kills acne-causing bacteria while soothing the skin. [20] Chamomile also benefits hair.  Chamomile oil can moisturize damaged hair. [21] It is also an anti-inflammatory to treat some scalp conditions that impact hair growth.  It is an anti fungal which reduces dandruff. [22]  Chamomile tea can be used to enhance and brighten tone on blondes or natural blonde highlights.

Chamomile benefits hair and skin

Chia Seed Oil

Chia Seed Oil feeds hair and skin. It makes hair shiny and strong, and skin smooth. It contains alpha-linolenic acid, an important essential fatty acid, vitamins, and minerals.

Chicory Root Extract

Chicory Root Extract, also known as Cichorium Intybus, firms wrinkles, restores elasticity and fights signs of photo-aging.

Choline

Choline is found in some beauty and prenatal supplements. Choline helps the body create DNA for nerve signaling, and for detoxification. It’s also used for acetylcholine function, and it is an anti-aging neurotransmitter.

Chondrus Crispus

Chondrus Crispus Extract

Chondrus Crispus Extract is a variety of Red Algae seaweed.

This seaweed is rich in beta-carotene, antioxidants zeaxanthin and lutein which protect skin from blue light (such as from smartphones).

It contains natural peptides and amino acids to keep skin hydrated by locking in moisture. It contains Carrageenan which provides defense against environmental stressors.

Cica

See Centella Asiatica extract

Cinnamonum Extract 

Cinnamon Bark

Cinnamonum Extract is a type of cinnamon bark.

It is used in skincare as an antiseptic, antibiotic, and astringent.

Cinnamon bark enhances the permeation and delivery of topical treating ingredients via the skin.[22]

Cinnamonum Extract helps eliminate bacteria and detoxifies and has antiseptic properties.[23] It is particularly effective in eliminating Staphylococcus epidermidis. [24]

Studies suggest cinnamaldehyde, a component in cinnamon, may enhance healing in aeruginosa-infected skin wounds. [25]

Cinnamon oil has also been used as a natural temporary lip plumping agent, such as in the product “Lip Venom”.

Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil

Orange Peel has more Vitamin C than the fleshly orange fruit, almost double. It improves collagen production resulting in the reduction of dark spots and wrinkles. It fights free radicals, removes blackheads and acne, and reduces wrinkles. Orange peel is also an antioxidant that reduces inflammation. The bacteria-fighting and inflammation reduction properties reduce acne without excess skin drying. A citrus oil with a refreshing or neutralizing scent.

Orange Peel Oil

Citrus Limon Peel Extract

Lemon/Limon peel contains concentrated vitamin C to build collagen, fade age spots and rejuvenate photodamage. Vitamin C reduces excess oil production, shrinks pores, and exfoliates dead surface skin. These reduce the formation of adult acne while treating skin aging.Lemon Peel Oil is also a natural exfoliator and skin purifier. [26] It alleviates skin inflammation [27] and reduces certain infection-causing bacteria. [28]

Direct, undiluted application of lemon peel oil can be excessively drying to the skin, but it works well within a balanced formulation.

Clary Sage

Citrus Grandis

Citrus Grandis is Grapefruit, in this case, Grapefruit Peel Oil. Grapefruit Peel Oil is high in collagen-producing Vitamin C.

It has antibacterial benefits and studies show it reduces acne.[29] As with other citrus oils, it is an antioxidant with an uplifting scent.

CITRUS SINENSIS

Citrus Sinensis is Sweet Orange Oil.

Sweet Orange Oil is a potent, highly effective anti-inflammatory. It works ideally within a formulation with other oils, such as is in this product.

Sweet Orange Oil gently treats acne.

Citrus Stem Cells

Citrus Stem Cells protect skin from oxidative stress and help reverse skin damage.

Clary Sage

Clary sage strengthens the skin while balancing excess sebum. It calms and rejuvenates the skin in a manner similar to lavender but it does not contain lavender’s potentially overpowering scent or some of the potential skin irritants within lavender. It contains linalyl acetate, an anti-inflammatory that heals skin irritation.[30]

Cloudberry

Cloudberries

Cloudberries are a rare nordic berry.

Cloudberries are rich in Polyphenol extracts, Omegas 3 and 6, and Vitamin E and C. [31] Cloudberry contains four times more Vitamin C than an orange. Cloudberry builds collagen, fights off attacks on collagen, reduces wrinkles and hydrates. It is well suited for sensitive skin or even skin conditions like eczema.

See glossary terms Cm-Cz

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REFERENCES

1. Gohil, Kashmira J et al. “Pharmacological Review on Centella asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all. “Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences” vol. 72,5 (2010): 546-56. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.78519
2. Burnett, Christina L et al. “Safety Assessment of Ceramides as Used in Cosmetics.” International journal of toxicology vol. 39,3_suppl (2020): 5S-25S. doi:10.1177/1091581820958692
3. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2016, pages 135-147
4. Panossian, Alexander, and Georg Wikman. “Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Their Stress-Protective Activity.” Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 3,1 188-224. 19 Jan. 2010, doi:10.3390/ph3010188
5. Gupta, Mrinal et al. “Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. ” Dermatology research and practice vol. 2014 (2014): 709152. doi:10.1155/2014/709152
6. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, January 2009, pages 404
7. Ibid
8. Merfort I, Heilmann J, Hagedorn-Leweke U, Lippold BC. In vivo skin penetration studies of camomile flavones. Pharmazie. 1994;49(7):509-511.
9. Hou M, Sun R, Hupe M, et al. Topical apigenin improves epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis in normal murine skin by divergent mechanisms. Exp Dermatol. 2013;22(3):210–215. doi:10.1111/exd.12102
10. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, January 2009, pages 404
11. Srivastava, Janmejai K et al. “Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future.” Molecular medicine reports vol. 3,6 (2010): 895-901. doi:10.3892/mmr.2010.377
12. Srivastava, Janmejai K, and Sanjay Gupta. “Extraction, Characterization, Stability and Biological Activity of Flavonoids Isolated from Chamomile Flowers.” Molecular and cellular pharmacology vol. 1,3 (2009): 138. doi:10.4255/mcpharmacol.09.18
13. Jiang, Development, Pharmaceutical biology
14. Veerasophon, Jinmica, et al. “Formulation of anti-acne concealer containing cinnamon oil with antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes.” Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research vol. 11,2 (2020): 53-58.
15. Julianti, Elin et al. “Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cinnamon Bark, Honey, and Their Combination Effects against Acne-Causing Bacteria.” Scientia pharmaceutica vol. 85,2 19. 11 Apr. 2017
16. Ferro, Thiago A F et al. “Topical Application of Cinnamaldehyde Promotes Faster Healing of Skin Wounds Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.” Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)vol. 24,8 1627. 25 Apr. 2019, doi:10.3390/molecules24081627
17. Man, Adrian et al. “Antimicrobial Activity of Six Essential Oils Against a Group of Human Pathogens: A Comparative Study”. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 8,1 15. 28 Jan. 2019, doi:10.3390/pathogens8010015
18. Anil Kumar Maurya, et al, “The essential oil from Citrus limetta Risso peels alleviates skin inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo study”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 212, 2018, Pages 86-94
19. Hou, He-Shuai et al. “Extraction of essential oil from Citrus reticulate Blanco peel and its antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes).” Heliyon vol. 5,12 e02947. 2 Dec. 2019, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02947
20. de Cássia da Silveira E Sá, Rita et al. “Analgesic-Like Activity of Essential Oil Constituents: An Update.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 18,12 2392. 9 Dec. 2017, doi:10.3390/ijms18122392
21. Peana, A T et al. “Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils.” Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology vol. 9,8 (2002): 721-6. doi:10.1078/094471102321621322
22. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, January 2009, pages 36-B (2003). “Rubus chamaemorusL. –  a boreal plant rich in biologically active metabolites: a review”. Biological Letters. 40 (1): 3-13.

Skin & Hair Glossary of ingredients & terms. Defining what skin & hair ingredients are and how to best use them. Updated regularly.

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W

Wak- Wat     Wh – Wi

Wheat Protein, Wheat Amino Acids

Wheat Protein strengthens hair and adds moisture.

Wheat Amino Acids have greater ability to penetrate the hair to provide strength and reduce breakage.

Wheat

White Clay

White Clay is Kaolin. White clay is a mild exfoliant that unclogs pores. Suitable for all skin types, it is ideal for mature skin. White Clay clarifies and refines skin while reducing pore size.

White Pine Bark

White Pine Bark improves skin hydration and elasticity while decreasing skin fatigue while reducing the appearance of skin discoloration.

White Tea

White tea is gentle yet powerful. It has similar benefits to Green Tea with phenols and EGCG. As a topical ingredient, it helps even the skin tone. It is anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. It can reduce redness and inflammation around the delicate eye area, even if caused by light eczema. White tea also contains EGCG, which enables the production of new cells in the epidermis [1]. It also contains phenols that strengthen collagen and uniquely, elastin. This gives skin a bouncy, younger look while delaying wrinkles.

Blooming white water lily

White Water Lily Extract

White water lily extract is hydrating and conditioning, creating plumper, brighter and smoother skin.

It’s anti-inflammatory and helpful to skin sensitized by harsh topicals, rashes, or skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or rosacea.

Willow Herb Extract

White Willow

White Willow unclogs pores, reduces redness and regulates sebum production.

Willow Bark Extract

Willow Bark Extract is an excellent acne remedy. It unclogs pores, reduces redness, and regulates sebum production. Yet it is gentle to the skin.

Willow Bark extract has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. [2]

Willow Bark contains salicin, from which salicylic acid is derived. Salicylic Acid is a natural bHA.  Salicylic Acid purges clogged pores without excess drying the skin surface. Salicylic Acid does not cause the dryness that occurs with Benzoyl Peroxide or Retinol.

Salicylic Acid also helps build collagen to heal acne scars and improve skin care texture. Collagen production is a nice perk of acne treatment!

Willow Herb Plant Extract

Willow Herb Plant Extract is a plant extract that is an excellent antioxidant for soothing skin conditions including eczema.[3]

Wild Yam

Wild Yam Extract is an anti-inflammatory that reduces dark spots. It promotes collagen production and skin radiance. Saponins are believed to enhance skin restoration on a DNA level within the skin cells. [4] Diosgenin reduces the spots that can arise from sun damage.[5]

Wine Bath

A Wine Bath is a bath in only organic, chemical and pesticide-free wine. Part of a spa treatment for nourishment and restoration of the skin barrier, of French origin. If the skin barrier has been excessively damaged by burns or chemotherapy, the grape extracts gently rebuilds the skin.  See Vinotherapy.

Witch Hazel is a natural toner

Witch Hazel

Witch Hazel is derived from witch hazel shrub bark. It is a natural plant-derived astringent that tones and cleanses. It calms irritation. It tightens pores and removes impurities.

REFERENCES

1. Journal of Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003 306: 29-34
2. Shara M, Stohs SJ. Efficacy and Safety of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts. Phytother Res. 2015 Aug;29(8):1112-6. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5377. Epub 2015 May 22. PMID: 25997859
   
3. Phytotherapy Research, July 2018, pages 1,220-1,240
4. Yayoi Tada, Naoko Kanda, Akinori Haratake, Megumi Tobiishi, Hideyo Uchiwa, Shinichi Watanabe, Novel effects of diosgenin on skin aging, Steroids, Volume 74, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 504-511, ISSN 0039-128X
5. Lee J, Jung K, Kim YS, Park D. Diosgenin inhibits melanogenesis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway (PI3K) signaling. Life Sciences. 2007 Jun;81(3):249-254. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.009.