Search Results for: Vitamin C

Skin & Hair Glossary of ingredients & terms. Defining how to best use hair & skin ingredients. Updated regularly.

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O

Oat

Oat Flower

The oat floret. Oat flower is a skin-soothing hydrator. Oat soothes chronic skin conditions and can offset the potential drying effect of other ingredients within a formulation.

Oenothera biennis

Better known as evening primrose seed oil.Evening Primrose Seed Oil restores a glow to the skin. It provides moisture without clogging the skin and is helpful for eczema and acne.

Evening Primrose Seed Oil supports elastin, moisture retention, and skin firmness. [1]

Oil – Free

An oil-free product is free of natural and artificial oils. Recommended for those with oily or acne-prone skin.

Oleic Acid

A fatty acid better known as Omega-9 acid. It provides long-lasting moisture. See Omegas. 

 

Oligopeptide 68

Oligopeptide 68 is a peptide that balances melanin production. This supports the ability to fade discoloration. Oligopeptides are relatively short amino acid chains and absorb well into skin.

Olive Oil benefits skin and hair

Olive Oil

Olive Oil moisturizes but won’t clog pores. It has skin enhancing Omega-3s and polyphenols. Olive Oil makes hair smooth and shiny. Linoleic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect. On hair, it is best used as a hot oil treatment or within a cream formulation which makes it easier to rinse out residue after use.

Omega-6 

Linoleic acid. One of the major fatty acids. It has anti-inflammatory and hydrating properties. Omega-6 makes skin soft and dewy. [2]

Omegas

Omegas maintain ceramides, regulate sebum, and make skin glow. Omegas nourish the hair follicle, maintain scalp health and make the cuticle smooth and the shaft strong. Common Omegas found in food, supplements, and products include Omega-3s, Omega-6s, and Omega-9s.

Onion Bulb Extract

Research suggests onion extract can improve the appearance of burns and scars, and reduce pain and itching on dry, damaged skin.

Orange Oil

Orange Oil is an antioxidant that reduces inflammation. It improves collagen production resulting in the reduction of dark spots and wrinkles. The bacteria-fighting and inflammation reduction properties reduce acne without excess skin drying. Orange oil is useful when added to a massage oil or cream blend, especially for post-exercise sore joints.

Orange Peel

Orange Peel has more Vitamin C than the fleshly orange fruit, almost double. It fights free radicals, removes blackheads and acne, and reduces wrinkles. Often used in face masks and scrubs.

Orchid

Orchid Extract

Orchids contain mucilage to maintain hydration. When applied to the skin, Orchid mucilage has a high water binding capacity, working as a moisturizer and emollient.^[3] Orchids are also an anti-oxidant to fight free radicals [4], increase skin immunity and plump fine lines. Orchid Extracts provide skin hydration. Orchid root cells provide the orchid bloom longevity. This functionality is extracted to provide long-lasting skin hydration and plumping action.

Organic

Organic refers to an ingredient that has been grown free of chemical pesticides. Read packaging carefully as organic does not necessarily mean that every ingredient is organic, or that the ingredients are certified organic. To obtain the organic label, “a product must include at least 95 percent organically produced and processed ingredients,” according to the National Organic Program of the USDA. [5] Organic products are gentler on hair and skin because they lack harsh elements or chemicals.

Oryza Sativa

Organic Certification

Certified Organic is when an Organic Certification Body or organization verifies that an ingredient was grown, prepared, processed and packaged without the use of synthetic fertilizers or chemicals.

Oryza Sativa

Also known as Rice Bran, Oryza Sativa comes from the outer husk of rice grains. Oryza Sativa has been used in Japan for centuries for hair and skin. It is rich in ceramides, beta-carotene, CoQ10, lycopene, Vitamins A, B, and Tocotrienols, the “super” vitamin E. These hydrate hair and skin to help maintain elasticity. It reduces pigmentation, and diminishes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Oryza Sativa also contains Gamma Oryzanol, a Ferulic Acid ester that is an anti-aging antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage.[6]

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References

1. Muggli, R. (2005), Systemic evening primrose oil improves the biophysical skin parameters of healthy adults. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 27: 243-249. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00274.x
2. Alessandra Cristina Pedro, et al, Qualitative and nutritional comparison of goji berry fruits produced in organic and conventional systems, Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 257, 2019, 108660, ISSN 0304-4238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108660.
3. Hadi H, Razali SN, Awadh AI. A Comprehensive Review of the Cosmeceutical Benefits of Vanda Species (Orchidaceae). Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Aug;10(8):1483-8. PMID: 26434147.
4. Sut S, Maggi F, Dall’Acqua S. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Orchids (Orchidaceae). Chem Biodivers. 2017 Nov;14(11). doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201700172. Epub 2017 Oct 21. PMID: 28771984.
5. National Organic Program of the USDA, ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/labeling
6. M Patel and S N Naik*, Gamma-oryzanol from rice bran oil” A review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 63, July 2004, pp 569-578

 

Skin & Hair Glossary of ingredients & terms. Defining how to use hair & skin ingredients for best results. Updated regularly.

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N

Nasturtium Officinale

Nasturtium Officinale Seed Oil, Nasturtium Officinale Oil

Nasturtium Officinale is Watercress. A groundbreaking skincare study showed Watercress uniquely promotes Collagen III in the dermal cells of the papillary dermis skin layer. [1] This makes skin smoother, resilient, youthful, and elastic. Watercress is also an antioxidant full Vitamins A, C, E, K, and Copper. [2] Copper restores skin elastin. Elastin gives skin its’ youthful bounce and the ability to spring back. Copper also encourages healthy hair follicles. The Vitamin K in Watercress can reduce brown and blue-tinged under-eye dark circles caused by leaking capillaries. Watercress also contains Vitamins A and C to fight free radicals.

Neem Oil

Neem Seed Oil is particularly effective on healing sun damage and restoring moisture. It deeply penetrates the skin to enhance elasticity, smooth wrinkles, and stimulate collagen production.
On hair, Neem removes sebum, dandruff,  dry skin flakes, and eczema that can all impair hair growth. It promotes hair growth by improving scalp health, providing a soothing, protective barrier. It also makes hair soft. Neem has an odor, it is far less noticeable within a product than when used alone.

Neutral Protein Filler

Neutral Protein Filler is a concentrated wheat protein liquid added to hair dye mixes to compensate for porous hair or hair that has been recently color corrected. Commonly used in DIY hair coloring and manufactured dyes to obtain even saturation results. Neutral Protein Filler can also be used as a diluted protein treatment for severely damaged hair too compromised to re-color.

Niacinamide, nicotinamide

Niacinamide is a Vitamin B3 derivative. Gentler than Retinol, research shows Niacinamide addresses many skin issues. It is a very good addition to an anti-aging regimen because it promotes collagen, addresses a loss of elasticity and reduces redness. It fades acne scars and brightens the skin. [3] It reduces the inflammation of rosacea and other inflammatory skin conditions [4] An effective brightening and lightening tool all own its’ own, when paired with Vitamin K results in brighter and firmer skin. It decreases sebum production, [5] fine lines and enlarged pores. It inhibits melanin production in hyperpigmentation. [6] Niacinamide reduces the impact of environmental damage because it improves skin’s barrier and Ceramide levels [7].

Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide is a new anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial that reduces sebum. [8] It reduces Propioni bacterium acnes, a key bacteria of acne formation [9]. Unlike chemical antibiotics, the body doesn’t build a Nitric Oxide resistance. It remains effective for long-term acne treatment. [10] Studies show Nitric Oxide is gentler than Retinol for treating acne. [11] Nitric Oxide works from the bottom of a pimple upwards. This treats even deep cystic acne without excess surface irritation. Read more about acne treatment applications with Nitric Oxide.

Non-Comedogenic

Non-comedogenic is when an ingredient or product is unlikely to clog pores and create a whitehead or blackhead.

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REFERENCES

1. “Shiseido Succeeds in Visualization of Internal Skin Elasticity “Decrease of Type III Collagen Involved in Age-Dependent Degradation in Skin Elasticity.” Shiseido, Shiseido, Apr. 2018, corp.shiseido.com/en/newsimg/2423_c3b40_en.pdf.
2. A.A, Abdulghani &A, Sherr & S, Shirin & G, Solodkina & Morales Tapia, E & B, Wolf & A.B, Gottlieb. (1998). “Effects of topical creams containing vitamin C, a copper-binding peptide cream and melatonin compared with tretinoin on the ultrastructure of normal skin“ A pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Disease Management and Clinical Outcomes. 1. 136-141. 10.1016/S1088-3371(98)00011-4.
3. Levin, Jacquelyn, and Saira B Momin. “How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients?”  The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology vol. 3,2 (2010): 22-41
4. Niren NM, Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review. Cutis. 2006 Jan;77(1 Suppl):11-6.
5. Zoe Diana Draelos, Akira Matsubara & Kenneth Smiles (2006) The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production, Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 8:2, 96-101,
6. Josefina Navarrete-Sol,1 “A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial of Niacinamide 4% versus Hydroquinone 4% in the Treatment of Melasma”, Clinical Study Volume 2011 |Article ID 379173
   
7. Tanno, O. , et al “Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier.” Br J Dermatol.2000 Sep;143(3):524-31.
8. Ghaffari, A.; Miller, C. C.; McMullin, B.; Ghahary, A. Potential application of gaseous nitric oxide as a topical antimicrobial agent. Nitric Oxide. Volume 14, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 21-29
9. Qin, M.; et al. Nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles prevent Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation by both clearing the organism and inhibiting microbial stimulation of the innate immune Response, The Society for Investigative Dermatology
10. Ibid
11. Del Rosso, J; Kircik, L. Spotlight on the Use of Nitric Oxide in Dermatology, Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

Skin & Hair Glossary of ingredients & terms. Defining the hair and skin ingredients with meaningful results. Updated regularly.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M

N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

M

Maca

Maca is Peruvian ginseng. It is often used in face creams. It reduces the effects of aging and gives skin strength.

Macadamia Oil

Macadamia oil is very rich and contains many natural lipids and fatty acids. It’s a high oleic acid oil (50-67% oleic acid and only 0-5% linoleic acid) that makes it very emollient and helpful for dry skin types (but not ideal for acne-prone skin). Macadamia uniquely contains high amounts of the rare palmitoleic acid (12-25%) that give Macadamia oil a cushiony feel. It’s also easily absorbed and makes the skin soft and supple.

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is ideal for sensitive skin. It is less exfoliating but produces collagen and suppresses discoloration.

Malachite gemstone

Malachite

The malachite gemstone, when used in makeup and skincare preparations, detoxes and protects the skin from oxidative stress. It increases collagen and elastin production

Malic Acid

Malic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid for sensitive skin. Gentler than Glycolic acid, it improves the appearance of fine lines, large pores, and skin texture.

Mallow, Malva Sylvestris Mallow Extract

Mallow is a natural floral extract containing Vitamins A, C, and E. It softens while being gentle enough for the most sensitive of skin. It nourishes dry and even damaged skin, restoring elasticity.

Malus Domestica, Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture Extract

Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture Extract is Apple Stem Cells. Malus Domestica is a Swiss Apple particularly suited for creating vegan-based stem cells. The stem cells build new tissue, delay aging, and fight wrinkles.

Mandelic acid

Mandelic acid is a very gentle aHA (alpha hydroxy acid). It derived from almonds. It penetrates the skin slowly, making it suitable for even sensitive skin. It gently removes bacteria-trapping dead skin that enables acne formation. Dead skin also dulls the complexion and makes fine lines look worse. Mandelic acid gently treats both acne and signs of skin aging. [1] It is anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory. [2]

Mangifera Indic, Mango

Mangifera Indica is mango. Mango is high in copper. Copper builds Collagen, Elastin and increases Hyaluronic Acid production within the skin. Copper is rare within skincare products because extraction is costly.

Mango Seed Butter

Mango Seed Butter is derived from mango seeds and has many of the properties of the mango fruit.

It provides a long-lasting emollient. Rich in fatty acids, it is perfect to keep skin hydrated and dewy overnight.

Mango Seed Butter also contains Vitamins C, A, E, K and B6. These refine the skin and fade discoloration.

Manuka Honey

Manuka Honey has healing, protective and hydrating properties. It fights free radicals and is an anti-aging, boosting collagen production and cellular regeneration. Manuka Honey works best when combined with hydration. Manuka Honey has natural antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties to heal skin conditions. It is especially helpful for acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, wounds, burns, insect bites, rosacea, stretch marks, and sunburn.

Maracuja Oil

Maracuja Oil, also known as Passion fruit extract, is a Brazilian beauty mainstay. It improves how the hair looks and feels. It also benefits the health of the scalp. Passion fruit extract contains 72% linoleic acid, one of the richest sources of this hair-friendly essential acid. [3] This gives hair a glossy, healthy shine. It is rich in vitamin A, potassium, antioxidants, and minerals that benefit both hair and scalp. Vitamin C, riboflavin, carotene improves moisture retention. These antioxidants counteract the oxidative stress signs of hair aging [4] Vitamin E improves dry hair and a dry scalp. It infuses moisture and retains it. This helps alleviate dandruff and restore dry, damaged hair. Vitamins B6 and B2 aid scalp circulation. This benefits follicles and helps build stronger hair. Passion fruit extract also has anti-inflammatory benefits. The vitamins in Passion fruit extract are amazing at locking in moisture without leaving the hair greasy or limp.

Marigold

Marigold

Also is known as Calendula Officinalis Flower. Marigold is used in skincare to promote the regeneration of new tissue and soothe damaged skin.

Masque

A thick, creamy, intensely nourishing conditioning treatment intended to penetrate the cuticle and repair the inside of the hair. An extended conditioning treatment session for color-treated, damaged, and long hair. Avocado or other intensively hydrating oils are common ingredients in hair masques. Masques are generally left on for several minutes to hours before rinsing.

Matcha Leaf Extract

Matcha Leaf Extract is a moisturizing acne treatment that has concentrated Green Tea properties to reduce inflammation and heal.

Matcha Green Tea

Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract is better known as matcha green tea.

Matcha contains concentrated green tea benefits including the reduction of inflammation or irritation.

Green tea contains polyphenols that soothe the skin while providing antioxidants. Polyphenols may improve sun-damaged skin. [5]

Matcha is loaded with Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which promotes skin health and appearance. It protects against environmental damage and neutralizes free radicals that prematurely age skin. Research shows EGCG reactivates dying skin cells. This shows promise for repairing sun damage and scar healing. [6]

Matcha also contains chlorophyll, a natural anti-bacterial that removes excess oil.

Matrixyl-3000

Matrixyl-3000 jumpstarts collagen production and pairs well with Vitamin C. Matrixyl-3000 is a combination of two peptides that signal the skin to go into “repair mode”. The skin goes into repair mode when there is skin injury that requires the formation of new collagen and elastin; it does not go into repair mode for age-related collagen loss. Matrixyl 3000 tricks the skin into thinking the missing collagen is due to an injury and requires replacement. Pretty sneaky, that Matrixyl-3000.

Matrixyl Synthe ‘6

A polypeptide concoction that adds a new palmitoyl tripeptide, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38, to Matrixyl 3000. Said tripeptide regulates cell activity, wound repair and collagen tissue remodeling. Matrixyl Synthe’ 6 stimulates important skin constituents: It stimulates the production of six key skin components: Collagen I (dermis), Collagen III (wound healing), Collagen IV (wound healing stimulation), Fibronectin (skin tissue repair), Hyaluronic Acid, and Laminin-5 (heals injured epidermis).  Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a vegan ingredient. It improves fine lines and wrinkles, most notably forehead lines and crow’s feet.

Mauritia flexuosa

Maurita Flexuosa is Buriti Fruit Oil. It comes from the moriche palm tree, found in the Amazon Rainforest.

It is rich in vitamin E, C and pro-vitamin A.  It sinks into deeper skin layers to treat wrinkles and fine lines.

Buriti Fruit Oil is amazing for healing burns and scars. It also supports collagen snd elastin production.

Maqui Berry

Rich in antioxidants, maqui berry is an excellent anti-aging ingredient. This vibrant purple berry reduces inflammation [7]

Meadowfoam

Meadowfoam Seed Oil

Meadowfoam Seed Oil is a very stable oil that lubricates and can stay on the skin without leaving a residue after it is rinsed off.

Melaleuca Oil

See tea tree oil.

 

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract

Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract is lemon balm leaf. It contains caffeine & ferulic acid. It counteracts sun damage when applied topically within a skin formulation.

Micellar water

A cleansing product to remove oil-based makeup, dirt, mascara or sunscreen without scrubbing. Its’ chemical composition attracts and removes makeup and dirt from the skin without disrupting the skin barrier. A combination of water and surfactants attract and remove oil. It often contains a moisturizing oil, like Grapeseed. Some Micellar waters leave a residue and should be washed off to not clog pores. It is not strictly a nightly cleanser but can remove makeup from the face in a pinch when too exhausted to properly cleanse.

Milk Thistle

Silybum marianum, also known as milk thistle seed oil. Milk Thistle is a non-comedogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

Milk thistle is about 80% silymarin. Silymarin is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. It protects skin and fights signs of aging due to sun damage. It is used by dermatologists for all kinds of inflammatory skin conditions including acne , rosacea, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. [8]

Mineral Oil

Mineral Oil is Paraffin oil. A highly purified liquid petrolatum that cuts through grease, dirt, and makeup. Common in skincare products because it cleans while locking in moisture by creating a barrier. This barrier can block pores, however, so the acne-prone should limit mineral oil usage when possible.

MMPI.20

An ingredient that inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (or “MMPs”) enzymes from breaking down collagen.

Morinda Citrifolia (Noni)

Morinda Citrifolia

Commonly known as noni. A fruit extract is an antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, which is rich in Vitamin C. It contains a polyphenol that filters UV light into a wavelength that falls into the red light spectrum, making it very useful for use during red light therapy treatments.

Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract

Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract contains Vitamin C to boost collagen. It contains high levels of behenic acid.  The topical application promotes cellular growth. It also reduces fine lines, sagging skin, fades scars, reduces and inflammation.

Moringa Oil is an essential oil extracted from the Drumstick tree

Moringa Oil

Moringa Oil repairs hair damage and nourishes follicles. Rich in both protein and moisturizers to keep hair balanced, strong, glossy and hydrated. Moringa Oil contains behenic acid to smooth and condition hair. Omegas revitalize hair while minimizing future split ends. Moringa Oil uniquely contains copper, which revitalizes follicles to stop hair thinning and premature graying. For skin, the copper promotes collagen and elastin.[8]

MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)

MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) applied topically brightens the skin while moisturizing. MSM is excellent with Vitamin C because it enhances the production of collagen bundles that prevent skin sagging. For hair, it is taken in supplement form. MSM is a sulfur compound trace and trace mineral found naturally in the body. It’s vital to make and bind both keratin and collagen and keeps hair from becoming brittle and thin. An MSM deficiency shortens the hair growth phase. MSM is commonly used to treat alopecia.

Mulberries

Mulberry Extract

Mulberry berries contain the highest concentration of resveratrol of all the fruits and berries, ten times that of grapes. In skincare, Mulberry extract is a powerful anti-aging and cell regeneration ingredient. It brightens skin and is a gentle, natural alternative to Hydroquinone. Mulberries contain the potent antioxidant anthocyanin to fight skin-damaging free radicals. It also blocks tyrosinase, a melanin production enzyme. Mulberry Extract is almost as powerful as Konjac but gentler and well-tolerated. Research also supports Mulberry Extract within select health-related applications.

Mulberry Silk

A variety of silk fabric made by silkworms that eat only mulberry leaves. Mulberry silk is considered the best silk for hair bonnets and pillowcases because:

• Mulberry silk is 100% natural and contains no artificial fibers.
• It is smooth without friction or abrasive surfaces, so it is the most gentle to the hair. It will not catch, rub, or damage the hair shaft.
• It will not wick moisture out of the hair like cotton
• A mulberry silk fiber is stronger than a piece of steel of the same length and diameter.
• Mulberry silk provides the longest silk strands, which allows for higher-quality weaving and fewer”bumps” to catch a hair strand
• It holds moisture very well. It can hold 1/3 of its weight in water without feeling damp. It also will not mildew or require airing out.

Murumuru Fruit Butter

Astrocaryum murumuru fruit butter is derived from the fruit fat found in murumuru nuts of a Brazilian tree.  This fruit fat is marvelously moisturizing even for skin conditions like eczema.

Murumuru is a natural anti-inflammatory to soothe sensitive or irritated skin, it also seals in moisture. These properties help heal damaged skin.

Murumuru is high in Vitamin A to refine skin while healing it.

 

Musa Sapientum (Banana) Pulp Extract

Banana extract is anti-inflammatory[9], antibiotic, and anti-oxidant.[10]

Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17

Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 is is a combination peptide in some lash growth serums. It delivers Keratin proteins to sparse eyelashes and eyebrows. This makes them look thicker and fuller.  It delivers Keratin proteins to eyelashes and eyebrows. Keratin, a building block of hair, makes lashes thicker and healthier. When lashes are healthy, they can grow longer. When nourished, lashes also look softer. Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 guides cell growth and growth factor secretion to thicken and enhance the appearance of lashes and eyebrows.

 

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References

1. Renata & Kaszuba, Aleksandra & Michalak, Iwona & Dzwigaowska, Agata & Ciecińska, Czanita & Jakimiuk, Elżbieta & Zielińska, Joanna & Kaszuba, Andrzej. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of mandelic acid-containing cosmetic formulations for acne skin care. Dermatology Review. 4. 316-321. 10.5114/dr.2015.53419.
2. Taylor MB. Summary of mandelic acid for the improvement of skin conditions. Cosmet Dermatol 1999;12:26-8
3. Watson RR, Schnlau F. Nutraceutical and antioxidant effects of a delphinidin-rich maqui berry extract Delphinol®: a review. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2015;63(2 Suppl 1):1-12.
4. Michael Lea. Bioremediation of Turbid Surface Water Using Seed Extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick) Tree. Current Protocols in Microbiology, 2010; DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc01g02s16
5. Gianeti MD, Mercurio DG, Campos PM. The use of green tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient. Dermatol Ther. 2013;26(3):267–271.
6. Food and Chemical Toxicology, January 2000, issue 1, pages 79-96
7. Mamalis A, Nguyen DH, Brody N, Jagdeo J. The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(7):780-784.
8. Kumar M, Gautam MK, Singh A, Goel RK. Healing effects of Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca in diabetic rats with co-occurring gastric ulcer: cytokines and growth factor by PCR amplification. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;13:305. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-305.
9. Phuaklee, Pathompong et al. “Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of extracts from Musa sapientum peel.” Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet vol. 95 Suppl 1 (2012): S142-6.

Definition Guide for skin and hair care terms. A to Z Glossary of hair & skin ingredients with effective results. Updated regularly.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M

N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

L

L-Ascorbic Acid

L-Ascorbic Acid is a potent form of Vitamin C. It is fresh and concentrated. L-ascorbic acid is a vitamin C that can be applied as a topical skin treatment. Vitamin C is the only antioxidant proven to stimulate collagen production.

L-Cysteine

L-Cysteine is necessary to build Keratin. Hair is 14% cysteine. It is included in some hair growth supplements.

L-Methionine

L-Methionine is for hair structure and strength. It is included in some hair supplements to prevent hair breakage and thinning mid-length.

Lactic acid

Lactic acid exfoliates and brightens skin. It is an organic aHA gentler than glycolic acid. Lactic acid holds moisture while increasing firmness and skin thickness.

Lactobacillus Ferment

When used topically, a probiotic to maintains the microbiome for a healthy skin barrier, reducing skin issues such as acne.

Lanolin

Lanolin is a natural oil from sheep’s wool. It is easily absorbed and protects and soothes skin. Commonly used in lip balms and moisturizers.

Lavender Oil softens hair and skin

Lavender Essential Oil

Lavender Oil softens and conditions the hair and skin. Lavender’s anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties keep skin and the scalp healthy. It has soothing properties to calm any scalp imbalances such as inflammation or dry skin flaking. This is beneficial to remove dry skin patches where DHT might accumulate. The linalyl acetate in lavender enhances cell growth in skin and hair. Some lab studies show promise in lavender inducing faster hair growth. [1]

Lecithin

Lecithin is a fat found in plants like soybeans. It enhances the hair’s natural barrier, smoothing each shaft to renew the outer layer of the hair. Damaged hair has a ragged cuticle, making hair look dull.

Lemon (Limon) Peel Oil

Lemon/Limon peel contains concentrated vitamin C to build collagen, fade age spots and rejuvenate photodamage. Vitamin C reduces excess oil production, shrinks pores, and exfoliates dead surface skin. These reduce the formation of adult acne while treating skin aging.

Lemon Peel Oil is also a natural exfoliator and skin purifier. ^[2]It alleviates skin inflammation ^[3] and reduces certain infection-causing bacteria. ^[4]

Direct, undiluted application of lemon peel oil can be excessively drying to the skin, but it works well within a balanced formulation.

Lemongrass

The leaves and oils of the Lemongrass plant are used for a variety of ailments including  rheumatism and achy joints.

Lemongrass as an essential oil has a fresh, calming, citrus scent. It also is a bug deterrent. Some use as a diluted topical for oily skin, to detoxify, and spot acne treatment.

Lentigines

Age spots.

Lentinus Edodes 

Lentinus Edodes is Shiitake Mushroom or Shiitake Extract Ferment Filtrate.

Shiitake mushroom.

Shiitake is the anti-aging mushroom. It improves skin elasticity and protects against environmental damage.

Shiitake is a biodynamic ingredient. It slows aging by reinforcing the skin’s biological protection mechanisms. [5] It is ideal for protecting sensitive and delicate skin. It also helps restore sun-damaged skin. [6]

Shiitake contains kojic acid. Kojic acid lightens discoloration.

Shiitake also contains copper, which stimulates collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid production.

And Shiitake mushrooms contain selenium to decrease irritation and calm inflammation.

 

Licorice Root

Licorice root

Licorice root benefits skin and hair. Licorice root contains glabridin, a potent antioxidant that soothes skin. It lightens dark circles gently, improves uneven tone and skin redness. it is safe for even sensitive skin. [7]

Licorice Root Extract has hair regrowth capabilities. A study showed the Licorice Root infusion safely treated Alopecia with better clinical results than Minoxidil. [8]

Licorice root is an excellent scalp moisturizer you since it preserves the natural oils of the hair and does not dry out your scalp. Licorice Root extract also treats chemical hair damage with gentle moisturizing properties while leaving hair silky.

Lime Peel Oil

Lime Peel Oil is formally known as Citrus Aurantifolia.

Lime Peel Oil is an antioxidant. It has skin-toning properties and can fade discoloration.

Lime Peel Oil is particularly effective when used in a formulation with multiple moisturizing buffers, but it is quite powerful and can be too strong for sensitive skin.

When using Lime Peel Oil, dilute with a soothing carrier oil or buffering cream.

Lingonberry Stem Cells

lingonberries

Lingonberry stem cells increase natural antioxidant mechanisms in skin cells. This decreases skin irritation and inflammation. Lingonberry is a superfruit. It is rich in vitamins C and E, both excellent for repairing and preventing sun damage.

Linoleic acid

Linoleic acid (Vitamin F) is an omega-6 fatty acid with skin barrier-strengthening, healing, hydrating and anti-inflammatory properties.

Linseed Oil

Linseed Oil helps hair damaged by styling tools. High in Omega 3s, Linseed can be massaged into the scalp to nourish the hair for new growth, and restore damaged hair.

Lithothamnion Calcareum

Lithothamnion Calcareum is Red Algae. Red Algae is a natural source of Astaxanthin.  It enhances the skin’s barrier function, replenishes moisture, and increases its moisture-retention capabilities.

Lupeol

Lupeol is an anti-inflammatory, derived from Mimosa flower Absolut, which benefits oily and sensitive skins.

Lutein

Lutein is a carotenoid that comes from marigolds.

We may best know it as an “eye vitamin” but topical Lutein promotes the regeneration of new tissue and soothes damaged skin.

Lysine

An essential amino acid, Lysine strengthens the skin’s surface, helps to hydrate skin, clears acne, and supplies collagen-making components to the skin. Vital to healthy, beautiful skin.

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References

1. Lee BH, Lee JS, Kim YC. “Hair Growth-Promoting Effects of Lavender Oil in C57BL/6 Mice. ToxicolRes 2016;32:103-108.
2. Man, Adrian et al. “Antimicrobial Activity of Six Essential Oils Against a Group of Human Pathogens: A Comparative Study.”  Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 8,1 15. 28 Jan. 2019, doi:10.3390/pathogens8010015
3. Anil Kumar Maurya, et al, “The essential oil from Citrus limetta Risso peels alleviates skin inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo study”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 212, 2018, Pages 86-94
4. Hou, He-Shuai, et al. “Extraction of essential oil from Citrus reticulate Blanco peel and its antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes).” Heliyon vol. 5,12 e02947. 2 Dec. 2019, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02947
5. Chihara G. Immunopharmacology of lentinan and the glucans. EOS – Riv Immunol. Immunopharmacol. 4, 85-96 (1984)
6. Gilchrest BA. & al. Effect of chronologic aging and UV irradiation on Langherans cells in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 79, 85-88 (1982)
7. Natural Product Research, December 2007, pages 1,234-1,239
8. Deb Roy, Saumendu & Karmakar, Prithivi & Dash, Suvakanta & Jashabir, Chakraborty & Biswajit, Das. (2014). HAIR GROWTH STIMULATING EFFECT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA. Global Journal of Research in Medicinal Plants and Indigenous Medicines. 3. 40-47.

Skin & Hair Glossary of ingredients & terms. Defining hair and skin ingredients with meaningful results. Updated regularly.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M

N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V |W| X | Y | Z

 K

 

K (Vitamin)

Vitamin K is popular in under-eye creams as it is reputed to lighten dark circles. Vitamin K reverses the calcium deposits in elastin fibers. These deposits harden and cause wrinkles. Vitamin K helps with blood coagulation and circulation. A study in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology showed topical Vitamin K works best when paired with retinol, Vitamins C, E, and the Bs. (1) Vitamin K is also called Phytonadione.

Kale

Kale

Brassica Oleracea Acephala Leaf, AKA Kale, contains Vitamins A, B, C, and K, antioxidants and phytonutrients. Topical kale application within skincare promotes collagen production, tightens pores, detoxifies the skin and fights free-radical damage.

Kakadu Plum

Kakadu plums are the highest natural source of vitamin C to support collagen synthesis and provide antioxidant support. It reduces acne, fades scars, and reduces fine lines.

Kakadu plums are also high in gallic acid and ellagic acid to fight free radicals, hydrate the skin and prevent the skin from damage.

Kaolin Clay

Kaolin Clay is a natural clay that absorbs oil and removes impurities. Ideal for treating oily and acne prone skin.

Keratinocyte

A Keratinocyte is the cell type responsible for keratin formation in the skin.

Kelp Extract

Kelp Extract contains minerals and removes toxins. It lessens redness, inflammation, rosacea and protects against environmental damage. Kelp has powerful anti-aging properties.

Keratin

The structural protein of skin, hair, and nails. Hair is about 80% Keratin.

Keratosis Pilaris

Keratosis Pilaris, also known as KP or Chicken Bumps, are hardened keratin plugs that appear like acne. They are not harmful unless they become infected from scratching. They can be unsightly and look like acne or a rash. KP responds to Retinols and washing with mild soaps.

Kernel Oil

Kernel Oil deeply conditions the hair and has nourishing vitamins for the scalp.

Kojic acid

Konjac Root 

Kojic acid is an anti-oxidant that helps sun-damaged skin. It is a natural skin lightening agent that lightens sun damage induced hyperpigmentation by inhibiting the future production of excess melanin.

 

Kombucha

ingested as a healthy anti-aging beverage, this natural probiotic has topical benefits. It reduces inflammation and evens the skin tone. Packed with Vitamin Bs, it reduces wrinkles and brightens the skin.

Konjac Root

Konjac Root contains glucomannan, a moisturizer similar to the natural hyaluronic found in young skin. It makes skin look and act younger. It penetrates the upper layer of the epidermis and hydrates the surface. Konjac root also contains a slew of skin-friendly vitamins such as A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, and E, plus lipids and fatty acids. It smooths fine wrinkles and promotes collagen and elastin production.

 

kukui nuts

Kukui Nut Oil

Kukui Nut Oil is also known as Aleurites moluccanus, candlenut or kukui nut. Kukui Nut Oil can penetrate into the deep layers of the skin to promote collagen production. It is a dry oil yet is highly emollient and creates a protective layer. Rich in Omega-3s, it replenishes skin. It contains the skin-refining vitamins A, C, and E. Kukui Nut has great softening and buffering properties that it makes C and A accessible to those with sensitive skin or skin conditions like eczema. It reduces inflammation, treats wounds and burns, and soothes conditions like eczema.

 

 

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REFERENCES

1. Mitsuishi, T. , Shimoda, T. , Mitsui, Y. , Kuriyama, Y. and Kawana, S. (2004), The effects of topical application of phytonadione, retinol and vitamins C and E on infraorbital dark circles and wrinkles of the lower eyelids. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 3: 73-75. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00070.x